Channell D.F. A History of Technoscience: Erasing the Boundaries between Science and Technology

London: Routledge, 2017. — 297 p. — (History and Philosophy of Technoscience). — ISBN: 978-1-315-26889-7.Are science and technology independent of one another? Is technology dependent upon science, and if so, how is it dependent? Is science dependent upon technology, and if so how is it dependent? Or, are science and technology becoming so interdependent that the line dividing them has become totally erased? This book charts the history of technoscience from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century and shows how the military–industrial–academic complex and big science combined to create new examples of technoscience in such areas as the nuclear arms race, the space race, the digital age, and the new worlds of nanotechnology and biotechnology.Relationships between Science and Technology.
Terminology.
Technology as Dependent upon Science.
Science and Technology as Independent.
Science as Dependent upon Technology.
Science and Technology as Interdependent.
Erasing the Boundaries between Science and Technology.
Notes.
The Roots of Technoscience.
From Science-Based Industry to Industry-Based Science.
Chemical-Based Industries.
Organic Chemical Industries – Synthetic Dyes, Pharmaceuticals and Plastics.
Heavy Chemical Industries – Alkalis, Acids and Explosives.
Electrical Industrial Research Laboratories – Electric Lighting.
Electrical Industrial Research Laboratories – Telephone and Radio.
Notes.
Setting the Stage for the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex: World War I.
The Military Build-Up to World War I.
World War I.
Chemical Warfare – Explosives.
Chemical Warfare – Gas.
Radio.
Naval Warfare.
Aerial Warfare.
Notes.
Setting the Stage for Big Science: The Interwar Period.
Chemical Research and Development.
Aviation Research and Development.
Rocket Research and Development.
Atomic and Nuclear Research.
Notes.
The Emergence of the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex and Big Science:
World War II.
Uranium Research.
The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex.
Radar and Sonar.
Chemical and Medical Research.
Military Computers.
The Atomic Bomb -- Big Science.
Notes.
The Era of Technoscience.
The Nuclear Arms Race.
The H-Bomb.
Nuclear Reactors.
High Energy Physics.
Notes.
The Space Program.
The Missile Race.
The Space Race.
The Moon Race.
Astronomy.
Planetary Science.
Astrophysics.
Notes.
Electronics.
General Purpose Computers.
The Transistor.
The Integrated Circuit.
Computer Science.
Notes.
Material Science.
Lasers.
Superconductivity.
Nanotechnology.
Notes.
Biotechnology.
Genetics.
The Double Helix.
The Genetic Code.
Genetic Engineering.
The Human Genome Project.
Notes.
Epilogue.
The New World of Technoscience.
Works Cited.