Halliday M.A.K., Hasan Ruqaiya. Cohesion in English

Longman, 1976. — 375 pages. — ISBN: 0582550416Cohesion in English is concerned with a relatively neglected part of the linguistic system: its resources for text construction, the range of meanings that are speciffically associated with relating what is being spoken or written to its semantic environment. A principal component of these resources is 'cohesion'. This book studies the cohesion that arises from semantic relations between sentences. Reference from one to the other, repetition of word meanings, the conjunctive force of but, so, then and the like are considered. Further, it describes a method for analysing and coding sentences, which is applied to specimen texts.The concept of cohesion
Cohesion and linguistic structure
Cohesion and linguistic contextEndophoric and exophoric reference
Types of reference
Personal reference
Demonstrative reference
Comparative reference
Substitution
Substitution and ellipsis
Nominal substitution
Verbal substitution
Clausal substitution
Ellipsis
Ellipsis, substitution and reference
Nominal ellipsis
Verbal ellipsis
Clausal ellipsis
Conjunction
Conjunction and other cohesive relations
Some common conjunctive elements
Types of conjunction
Additive
Adversative
Causal
Temporal
Other conjunctive items (continuatives)
The cohesive function of intonation
Lexical cohesion
The class of ‘general nouns’
Types of reiteration
Lexical relations as cohesive patterns
Collocation
The general concept of lexical cohesion
The meaning of cohesion
Text
The general meaning of cohesion
The meaning of the different kinds of cohesion
Cohesion and the text
The analysis of cohesion
General principles
Summary of cohesion, and coding scheme
Sample texts