Basic Petroleum Geology and Log Analysis

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Basic Petroleum Geology and Log Analysis.
2001, Halliburton.
Geology is the science that deals with the history and structure of the earth and its life forms, especially as recorded in the rock record. A basic understanding of its concepts and processes is essential in the petroleum industry, for it is used to predict where oil accumulations might occur. It is the job of the petroleum geologist to use his/her knowledge to reconstruct the geologic history of an area to determine whether the formations are likely to contain petroleum reservoirs. It is also the job of the geologist to determine whether the recovery and production of these hydrocarbons will be commercially profitable.
The physical characteristics of a reservoir, how petroleum originated and in what type of rock, what types of fluids exist in the reservoir, how hydrocarbons become trapped, and basic well log analysis are some of the concepts vital to the production and recovery efforts of any exploration or energy service company.Earth – An Evolving Planet
Geology Basics
Three Basic Rock Types
The Rock Cycle
Geologic Time
Age Dating
Basic Age Dating Principles
Geologic Time Scale
Basic Classification and Types of Sedimentary Rocks
The two main groups of sedimentary rocks are classified on the basis of their origin
There are five types of sedimentary rocks that are important in the production of hydrocarbons
Source Rock and Hydrocarbon Generation
Migration of Hydrocarbons
Basic Hydrocarbon Chemistry
Five Major Types of Hydrocarbons of Interest to Petroleum Exploration
Kerogen/Bitumens
Crude Oil
Asphalt
Natural Gas
Condensates
Temperature Gradient
Pressure Gradient
What is a reservoir, and how does it develop over time?
Abundance and Production of Sedimentary Formations
Physical characteristics of a reservoir
Depth
Area and Thickness
Porosity
Permeability
Fluid Distribution within a Reservoir
The Fluids First Revolution
Reservoir Fluid Mechanics
Capillary Pressure
Irreducible Water Saturation
Basic Geological Conditions That Create Petroleum Traps
Structural Traps
Stratigraphic Traps
Exploration and Mapping Techniques
Subsurface Mapping
Geophysical Surveys
Surface Geology
Subsurface Geology and Formation Evaluation
Well Cuttings
Cores
Logging While Drilling
Formation Testing
Wireline Well-Logging Techniques
Borehole Environment
The Basis of Log Analysis
Log Data
Porosity
Resistivity
Example of changes in resistivity with changes in reservoir characteristics
Water Saturation
Review of Permeability
Reserve Estimation
How much hydrocarbon can be recovered from the reservoir?
Appendix – Chemical Properties of Hydrocarbons