Wells J.C. English Intonation: an Introduction

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. — 276 p. — ISBN-13 978-0-521-68380-7, ISBN-10 0-521-68380-7 (paperback)Книга известного британского фонетиста профессора Джона Уэллза посвящена аспектам английской интонации, особенностям интонационных моделей и их значению. Кроме того, книга содержит упражнения, позволяющие на практике отработать изученные фонетические модели. По этой ссылке можно также скачать CD-диск с аудиозаписями к данному курсу.Intonation – the rise and fall of pitch in our voices - plays a crucial role in how we express meaning. This accessible introduction shows students how to recognize and reproduce the intonation patterns of English, providing clear explanations of what they mean and how they are used. It looks in particular at three key functions of intonation - to express our attitude, to structure our messages to one another, and to focus attention on particular parts of what we are saying. An invaluable guide to how English intonation works, it is complete with extensive exercises, drills and practice material, encouraging students to produce and understand the intonation patterns for themselves. The accompanying CD contains a wealth of spoken examples, clearly demonstrating English intonation in context. Drawing on the perspectives of both language teaching and linguistics, this textbook will be welcomed by both learners of English and beginning undergraduates in phonetics and linguistics.What is intonation?
Prosodic features
Is English a tone language?
The three Ts: tone, tonicity, tonality
The functions of intonation
Intonation in EFL: transfer and interferenceTone: going up and going downFall, rise and fall–rise
Falling and non-falling tones
Falls
Rises
Fall–rises
Statements
The definitive fall
The implicational fall–rise
More about the implicational fall–rise
Declarative questions
Uptalk
Yes, no and elliptical answers
Independent rises
Questions
Wh questions
Yes–no questions
Tag questions
Independent elliptical questions
Checking
Other sentence types
Exclamations
Commands
Interjections and greetings
Sequences of tones
Leading and trailing tones
Topic and comment
Open and closed lists
Adverbials
Fall plus rise
Tone concord
Tone meanings
Generalized meanings of different tones
Checklist of tone meaningsTonicity: where does the nucleus go?Basic principles
On a stressed syllable
On or near the last word
Content words and function words
Compounds
Double-stressed compounds
The old and the new
Information status
Synonyms
Prospective and implied givenness
Focus
Broad and narrow focus
Contrastive focus
Pronouns and demonstratives
Reflexive, reciprocal and indefinite pronouns
Contrastive focus overrides other factors
Contrastive focus on polarity or tense
Dynamic focus
Nucleus on a function word
Narrow focus: yes–no answers and tags
Prepositions
Wh + to be
Other function words that attract the nucleus
Final, but not nuclear
Empty words and pro-forms
Vocatives
Reporting clauses
Adverbs of time and place
Other unfocused adverbs and adverbials
Phrasal verbs
Verb plus adverbial particle
Verb plus prepositional particle
Adverb or preposition?
Separated particles
Nucleus on the last noun
Final verbs and adjectives
Events
Accenting old material
Reusing the other speaker’s words
Reusing your own words
What is known?
Knowledge: shared, common and imputed
Difficult cases of tonicityTonality: chunking, or division into IPsSignalling the structure
Choosing the size of the chunks
Chunking and grammar
Vocatives and imprecations
Adverbials
Heavy noun phrases
Topics
Defining and non-defining
Parallel structures
Tag questionsBeyond the three TsPrenuclear patterns
The anatomy of the prenuclear part of the IP
Simple heads
Complex heads
Preheads
Finer distinctions of tone
Varieties of fall
Varieties of fall–rise
Varieties of rise
Prenuclear and nuclear tone meaning
Non-nuclear accenting
Lexical stress and downgrading
Two or more lexical stresses
The focus domain
Major and minor focus
Unimportant words at the beginning
Onset on a function word
Further considerations
Stylization
KeyPutting it all togetherDescribing an intonation pattern: the oral examination
Analysing spoken material
Passages for analysis
Towels
Getting breakfast
Books
CornwallAppendix: notation
A1 The intonation symbols used in this book
A2 Comparison with other notation systems
A3 The ToBI system
Key to exercises