Nahum A.E., Burns D.T., Attix F.H., Andreo P,, Seuntjens J. Fundamentals of Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry

New York: Wiley-VCH, 2017. — 1351 p.Quantities and Symbols
Roman letter symbols
Greek letter symbols
Mathematical symbols
Acronyms
Background and EssentialsTypes and Sources of Ionizing Radiation
Consequences of the Random Nature of Radiation
Interaction Cross Sections
Kinematic Relativistic Expressions
Atomic Relaxations
Evaluation of Uncertainties
Exercises
Charged-Particle Interactions with MatterTypes of Charged-Particle Interactions
Elastic Scattering
Inelastic Scattering and Energy Loss
Radiative Energy Loss Bremsstrahlung
Total Stopping Power
Range of Charged Particles
Number and Energy Distributions of Secondary Particles
Nuclear Stopping Power and Interactions by Heavy Charged Particles
The W-Value (Mean Energy to Create an Ion Pair)
Addendum – Derivation of Expressions for the Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Heavy Charged Particles
Exercises
Uncharged-Particle Interactions with MatterPhoton Interactions with Matter
Photoelectric Effect
Thomson Scattering
Rayleigh Scattering (Coherent Scattering)
Compton Scattering (Incoherent Scattering)
Pair Production and Triplet Production
Positron Annihilation
Photonuclear Interactions
Photon Interaction Coefficients
Neutron Interactions
Exercises
Field and Dosimetric Quantities Radiation Equilibrium – Definitions and Inter-RelationsStochastic and Non-stochastic Quantities
Radiation Field Quantities and Units
Distributions of Field Quantities
Quantities Describing Radiation Interactions
Dosimetric Quantities
Relationships Between Field and Dosimetric Quantities
Radiation Equilibrium (RE)
Charged-Particle Equilibrium (CPE)
Partial Charged-Particle Equilibrium (PCPE)
Summary of the Inter-Relations between Fluence Kerma Cema and Dose
Addendum – Example Calculations of (Net) Energy Transferred and Imparted
Exercises
Elementary Aspects of the Attenuation of Uncharged ParticlesExponential Attenuation
Narrow-Beam Attenuation
Broad-Beam Attenuation
Spectral Effects
The Build-up Factor
Divergent Beams – The Inverse Square Law
The Scaling Theorem
Exercises
Macroscopic Aspects of the Transport of Radiation Through MatterThe Radiation Transport Equation Formalism
Introduction to Monte Carlo Derived Distributions
Electron Beam Distributions
Protons and Heavier Charged-Particle Beam Distributions
Photon Beam Distributions
Neutron Beam Distributions
Exercises
Characterization of Radiation QualityGeneral Aspects of Radiation Spectra Mean Energy
Beam Quality Specification for Kilovoltage x-ray Beams
Megavoltage Photon Beam Quality Specification
High-Energy Electron Beam Quality Specification
Beam Quality Specification of Protons and Heavier Charged Particles
Energy Spectra Determination
Exercises
The Monte Carlo Simulation of the Transport of Radiation Through MatterBasics of the Monte Carlo Method (MCM)
Simulation of Radiation Transport
Monte Carlo Codes and Systems in the Public Domain
Monte Carlo Applications in Radiation Dosimetry
Other Monte Carlo Developments
Exercises
Cavity TheoryCavities That Are Small Compared to Secondary Electron Ranges
Stopping-Power Ratios
Cavities That Are Large Compared to Electron Ranges
General or Burlin Cavity Theory
The Fano Theorem
Practical Detectors Deviations from ‘Ideal’ Cavity Theory Conditions
Summary and Validation of Cavity Theory
Exercises
Overview of Radiation Detectors and MeasurementsDetector Response and Calibration Coefficient
Absolute Reference and Relative Dosimetry
General Characteristics and Desirable Properties of Detectors
Brief Description of Various Types of Detectors
Addendum – The Role of the Density Effect and I-Values in the Medium-to-Water Stopping-Power Ratio
Exercises
Primary Radiation StandardsFree-Air Ionization Chambers
Primary Cavity Ionization Chambers
Absorbed-Dose Calorimeters
Fricke Chemical Dosimeter
International Framework for Traceability in Radiation Dosimetry
Addendum – Experimental Derivation of Fundamental Dosimetric Quantities
Exercises
Ionization ChambersTypes of Ionization Chamber
Measurement of Ionization Current
Ion Recombination
Addendum – Air Humidity in Dosimetry
Exercises
Chemical DosimetersRadiation Chemistry in Water
Chemical Heat Defect
Ferrous Sulfate Dosimeters
Alanine Dosimetry
Film Dosimetry
Gel Dosimetry
Exercises
Solid-State Detector DosimetryThermoluminescence Dosimetry
Optically-Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters
Scintillation Dosimetry
Semiconductor Detectors for Dosimetry
Exercises
Reference Dosimetry for External Beam Radiation TherapyA Generalized Formalism
Practical Implementation of Formalisms
Quantities Entering into the Various Formalisms
Accuracy of Radiation Therapy Reference Dosimetry
Addendum–Perturbation Correction Factors
Exercises
Dosimetry of Small and Composite Radiotherapy Photon BeamsOverview
The Physics of Small Megavoltage Photon Beams
Dosimetry of Small Beams
Detectors for Small-Beam Dosimetry
Dosimetry of Composite Fields
Addendum—Measurement in Plastic Phantoms
Exercises
Reference Dosimetry for Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologySpecific Quantities and Units
Formalism for Reference Dosimetry
Quantities Entering into the Formalism
Exercises
Absorbed Dose Determination for RadionuclidesRadioactivity Quantities and Units
Dosimetry of Unsealed Radioactive Sources
Dosimetry of Sealed Radioactive Sources
Addendum–The Reciprocity Theorem for Unsealed Radionuclide Dosimetry
Exercises
Neutron DosimetryNeutron Interactions in Tissue and Tissue-Equivalent Materials
Neutron Sources
Principles of Mixed-Field Dosimetry
Neutron Detectors
Reference Dosimetry of Neutron Radiotherapy Beams
Exercises
Appendix A Data Tables
A Fundamental and Derived Physical Constants
A Data of Elements
A Data for Compounds and Mixtures
A Atomic Binding Energies for Elements
A Atomic Fluorescent X-ray Mean Energies and Yields for Elements
A Interaction Data for Electrons and Positrons (Electronic Form)
A Neutron Kerma Coefficients (Electronic Form)End User License Agreement