Schwend Richard M., Hennrikus William L. (eds.) Back Pain in the Young Child and Adolescent: A Case-Based Guide

Springer, 2021. — 790 p. — ISBN 978-3-030-50758-9.Back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that presents to physicians in the primary care office, the urgent care facility, and the emergency room. However, few primary care physicians have received education and training about the appropriate workup and referral for a child who presents with back pain. This book is designed to fill the gaps in primary care physician knowledge and ultimately improve patient care.This book is divided into three major sections. The first section contains seven introductory chapters on epidemiology, anatomy of the spine, imaging studies, clinical considerations, general history questions, and physical examination pearls of the child with back pain. This section gives an overview of common back pain problems and provides instructions on how to best perform a history and examination of the pediatric patient with back pain. Classic historical and examination findings are highlighted that can lead to a focused differential diagnosis, successful treatment and appropriate referral. Recognition of the red flags in the history and physical keep the clinician ‘out of trouble‘. This section concludes with a chapter that guides physicians in "putting it all together". The second section is the largest section of the book and contains 25 case based chapters organized by major presenting clinical features. Each chapter has a similar structure and includes red flags of the history and the physical, case examples, clinical pearls, and editor comments. Cases vary from common presentations of back pain such as back pain related to back packs to rare presentations of back pain such as back pain stemming from tuberculosis.The third and final section of the book contains additional resources for the primary care physician, including web sites, parent handouts, and a bibliography of key articles. This section provides further information and alternative resources for the practicing clinician.Written by experts in the field, Back Pain in the Young Child and Adolescent is a ‘must have’ resource for pediatricians, primary care physicians, and any other clinicians caring for younger patients who are experiencing back pain.Background
Epidemiology of Pediatric Back Pain
Anatomy of the Pediatric Spine
Medical and Non-surgical Conditions That Can Cause or Contribute to Back Pain in a Child or Adolescent
History Evaluation of the Child or Adolescent with Back Pain Including Ten Red Flags
Physical Examination of the Child or Adolescent with Back Pain
Radiologic Imaging and Laboratory Evaluation of Back Pain in Children and Adolescents
Putting It All Together: What to Keep and What to Refer?
Case Studies
Case of an Adolescent Male with Back Pain and Poor Posture: Scheuermann’s Kyphosis
The Gymnast’s Gripe: A Case of a Teenager with Back Pain and Spondylolysis of L5
Teenage Weightlifter with Back Pain and a Fractured Vertebral End Plate
A Girl with Low Back Pain due to Spondylolisthesis
A Girl with Low Back Pain due to Deconditioning
A Case of a Child with “Idiopathic” Scoliosis
Low Back Pain in an Adolescent with Core Weakness, Hamstring Tightness, and Increased Body Mass Index
Case of a Young Child Who Refuses to Bear Weight and Has Back Pain due to Leukemia
Child with Back Pain due to Sickle Cell Crisis
A Teenage Boy with Back Pain due to a Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Back Pain Associated with Discitis in a 5-Year-Old Boy
Case of Limping – A Symptom of Spondylodiscitis in the Toddler
Delayed Osteomyelitis Diagnosis and Treatment in a Teenager
Case of a Child with a Spinal Epidural Abscess
The Pain Is “Knot” Getting Better: Case of a Girl with a “Knot in the Back”. Back Pain Due to an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
A Girl with Lower Back Pain and Rapidly Progressive Atypical Scoliosis
A Hockey Player with Persistent Low Back Pain and Hamstring Inflexibility: Enthesitis-Related JIA
A Young Child with Activity-Limiting Back Pain for the Last 3 Months
A Case of a Boy with Neck Pain at Night Associated with Acute Torticollis and Kyphoscoliosis
Scoliosis Is Not Always Idiopathic: A Case of a Boy with Back Pain and Scoliosis
A Middle School Student with Back Pain Due to a Heavy Backpack
Case of an Obese Adolescent with Back Pain: Studies Normal
Case of an Immigrant Child with Back Pain Due to Tuberculosis
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) to Back Pain
A Girl with Lower Back Pain at Night and Scoliosis: Osteoblastoma as an Example of an Aggressive Benign Tumor