Hurai, V., Huraiová M., Slobodník M., Thomas R. Geofluids: Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes

Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2015. — 504 p. — ISBN: 9780128032428This book is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins—ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration.There’s been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria.Key FeaturesFeatures working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations
Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data
Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals
Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combinedReadership
Researchers and geoscience specialists working with fluids and fluid flow in the Earth crust and mantle: magmatic and metamorphic petrologists, mineralogists, economic geologists engaged in the analysis of ore and non-ore hydrothermal deposits, basin evolution and hydrocarbon migrationGeneral Characteristics of Geofluids
Abstract
Brief History of Geofluid Observation and Research
Entrapment of Fluids in Minerals
Basic State Properties of Geofluids
Changes in Fluid InclusionsPhase Diagrams
Abstract
Unary Systems
Properties of Water
Aqueous Systems with Salts
Aqueous Systems with Gases
Gas Mixtures
Hydrocarbons
Silicate MeltEquations of State
Abstract
Behavior of Ideal Gas
Equations of State for GeofluidsFluid and Melt Inclusion Microthermometry
Abstract
Observation and Imaging
Sample Handling and Storage
Calculating Volumetric Phase Ratios
Calculating Fluid Inclusion Volumes
Evaluating Trapping Modes of Fluid Inclusions
Measuring Temperatures of Phase Transitions
Suggested Further ReadingInterpretation of Microthermometric Data
Abstract
Calculating Densities and Isochores
Calculating Fluid and Melt Viscosities
P–T Estimates
Calculating Depths and Geothermal Gradients
Trend Analysis
Suggested Further ReadingFluid Thermodynamics
Abstract
Thermodynamic Laws
Free Energy of Reaction
Gas Fugacity
Calculating the Fluid Composition from Thermodynamic Data
Calculating Phase Diagrams and Mineral-Fluid EquilibriaRaman and Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis
Abstract
Fundamentals
Gases and Their Mixtures
Aqueous Fluids
Graphite and Carbonaceous Substances
Petroleum and Bitumen
Silicate Melts
Magmatic Volatiles and Fluxing Species
Raman Mapping and ModelingMiscellaneous Spectrometric and Chromatographic Methods
Abstract
Crush-Leach Analysis of Aqueous Inclusions
Bulk Gas Analysis
Laser Ablation Analysis
Selected Applications
Suggested Further ReadingStable Isotope Geochemistry of Geofluids
Abstract
Terminology and Principles
Stable Isotope Composition of Geofluid Reservoirs
Stable Isotopes in Fluid Inclusions
Stable Isotope Thermometry
Isotope Fractionation in Open and Closed Systems
Magmatic Devolatilization–Crystallization
Hydrothermal Devolatilization–Precipitation
Fluid–Rock Interaction
Hydrothermal Alteration
Fluid Mixing and Infiltration
Isotope Fractionation Trends in Natural Hydrothermal Carbonates
Interpretation of Stable Isotopes and Fluid Inclusions in Siderite and Magnesite Deposits of Western Carpathians
Suggested Further ReadingAppendices
Eutectic and Peritectic Points of Aqueous Systems with Salts
Selected Equations of State
H2O
CO2
CH4
H2O–NaCl
H2O–NaCl–KCl
H2O–NaCl–KCl–CaCl2
H2O–CH4
H2O–CO2–NaCl
CO2–CO–CH4–H2–H2S–N2
Optical Properties of Fluid Inclusion Phases
Stable Isotope Fractionation Factors
Raman Bands Sorted by Vibrations
Raman Bands Sorted by Name
Data Sources, Computer Programs, Websites