Andrade J.D. Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Biomedical Polymers

New York: Plenum Press, 1985. — 479 p.This book is intended to provide a fundamental basis for the study of the interaction of polymers with living systems, biochemicals, and with aqueous solutions.
The surface chemistry and physics of polymeric materials is a subject not normally covered to any significant extent in classical surface chemistry textbooks. Many ofthe assumptions ofclassical surface chemistry are invalid when applied to polymer surfaces. Surface properties of polymers are important in the development of medical devices and diagnostic products. Surface properties are also of vital importance in fields such as adhesion, paints and coatings, polymer-filler interactions, heterogeneous catalysis, composites, and polymers for energy generation.
The book begins with a chapter considering the current sources of information on polymer surface chemistry and physics. It moves on to consider the question of the dynamics of polymer surfaces and the implica- tions of polymer surface dynamics on all subsequent characterization and interfacial studies. Two chapters are directed toward the question of model polymers for preparing model surfaces and interfaces. Complete treatments of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy are given. There is a detailed treatment of the contact angle with particular emphasis on contact angle hysteresis in aqueous systems, followed by chapters on interfacial electrochemistry and interface acid-base charge-transfer properties. The very difficult problem of block and graft copolymer surfaces is also discussed. The problem of theoretical calculations of surface and interfacial tensions is presented. Raman spectroscopy is considered as an analytical technique for polymer surface characterization. The final chapter treats a number of techniques which have not been treated in previous chapters as well as some conclusions and expectations.
It is hoped that the book will serve as a useful text in the general area of polymer surface analysis and characterization and make its way into advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in surface chemistry and physics as well as serve as a reference source for researchers and engineers in the general area of polymer surfaces and interfaces. The treatment is by no means complete. Understanding of the properties of polymer surfaces is minimal at the present time, and considerable advances in theory and experimental techniques are required before we can expect to have a thorough understanding of the surface properties of organic systems. Let us hope that this book will help those who decide to enter this stimulating field.
When I began the study of polymer surfaces as biomaterials some fifteen years ago, I lacked any formal training in the general area of surface chemistry. Thus, I am particularly indebted to a number of classic textbooks which are highly suitable for self-study, many of which are listed in Chapter One. The texts by Bikerman; Davies and Rideal; Aveyard and Haydon; Kipling; Kaelble; DeBoer; Adam; and Adamson have been particularly helpful. lowe an enormous debt to my students and coworkers over the years as we attempted to learn and understand the basic principles of polymer surfaces. Although it was often the blind leading the blind, with many hesitations and frustrations, the exercise was always challenging, stimulating and generally productive. I am also in debt to a number of stimulating and even controversial colleagues in the area of surfa<;e chemistry of polymers who have provided hypotheses, conclusions, and discussions: R. E. Baier, A. W. Neumann, F. M. Fowkes, B. D. Ratner, A. S. Hoffman, F. Holly, L. Vroman, O. Wichterle, D. Lim, P. M. Sawyer, D. J. Lyman, S. W. Kim, and others.
I wish to thank and to dedicate this volume to W. J. Kolff, pioneer in artificial organs and supporter, promoter, and encourager of often inex-perienced people with new and interesting ideas.Contents:
Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Physics of Polymers
Polymer Surface Dynamics
Model Polymers for Probing Surface and Interfacial Phenomena
Polymeric Oriented Monolayers and Multilayers as Model Surfaces
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Surface Infrared Spectroscopy
The Contact Angle and Interface Energetics
Interfacial Electrochemistry of Surfaces with Biomedical Relevance
Interface Acid-Base/Charge-Transfer Properties
Graft Copolymer and Block Copolymer Surfaces
Interfacial Tensions at Amorphous Polymer-Water Interfaces: Theory
Surface Raman Spectroscopy
Polymer Surface Analysis: Conclusions and Expectations