Rozhdestvensky K.V. Aerodynamics of a Lifting System in Extreme Ground Effect

Springer, 2000. — X, 352 p. — ISBN: 978-3-642-08556-7.This book is dedicated to the memory of a distinguished Russian engineer, Rostislav E. Alexeyev, who was the first in the world to develop the largest ground effect machine - Ekranoplan. One of Alexeyev's design concepts with the aerodynamic configuration of a jlying wing can be seen on the front page. The book presents a description of a mathematical model of flow past a lifting system, performing steady and unsteady motions in close proximity to the underlying solid surface (ground). This case is interesting for practical purposes because both the aerodynamic and the economic efficiency of the system near the ground are most pronounced. Use of the method of matched asymptotic expansions enables closed form solutions for the aerodynamic characteristics of the wings-in-ground effect. These can be used for design, identification, and processing of experimental data in the course of developing ground effect vehicles. The term extreme ground effect, widely used through out the book, is associated with very small relative ground clearances of the order of 10% or less. The theory of a lifting surface, moving in immediate proximity to the ground, represents one of the few limiting cases that can be treated analytically. The author would like to acknowledge that this work has been influenced by the ideas of Professor Sheila E. Widnall, who was the first to apply the matched asymptotics techniques to treat lifting flows with the ground effect.Some Definitions.
ABrief Reference on Wing-in-Ground-Effect Craft.
Asymptotic and Numerical Methods in the Aerodynamics of the Wings-in-Ground Effect.
Problem Formulation for the Flow Past a Lifting Surface in Proximity to aSolid Boundary.
Formulation of the Three-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Problem.
Flow Below the Lifting System and Its Wake (Channel Flow).
Flow Above the Lifting System and Its Wake.
Flows in the Vicinity of Edges.
Matching of Flow Descriptions in Different Regions.
A Uniformly Valid Flow Description and Aerodynamic Coefficients.
A Limiting Mathematical Model of the Extreme Ground Effect.
The Linear Theory of a Lifting System Moving Close to the Ground.
Features of a Linearized Formulation and an Algorithm of the Solution.
Two-Dimensional Steady Flow Past a Slightly Curved Foil.
A Wing of Small Aspect Ratio in a Steady Linearized Flow.
Steady Flow Past a Wing of Arbitrary Aspect Ratio.
Harmonie Oscillations of a Thin Fon in a Two-Dimensional Flow.
Three-Dimensional Unsteady Linearized Lifting Flows.
Nonlinear Flow Problems for a Lifting System in the Extreme Ground Effect.
A Curved Thiek Fon in a Two-Dimensional Ground Effect.
A One-Dimensional Flow Model for a Flying Wing with Endplates.
Steady-State Solutions for Flow Past a Wing with Endplates.
Unsteady Flow Solutions for a Wing with Endplates.
Compressible Flow Past a Wing in the Extreme Ground Effect.
Channel Flow in a Compressible Fluid.
Steady Linearized Compressible Flow Past a Wing of Finite Span.
Compressible Linearized Unsteady Flow Past a Wing of Finite Span.
Nonlinear Steady Compressible Flow Problem for a Fon.
The Influence of Endplates, Flaps, and Slots.
An Estimate of the Infiuence of Endplates.
A Lifting System with a Jet Flap in the Extreme Ground Effect.
Nonlinear Steady Flow Problem for a Fon with a Jet Flap.
Steady Flow Past a Jet-Flapped Wing of Finite Span.
A Wing with a Rotating Flap.
Slotted Wings in the Ground Effect.
The Aerodynamics of a Lifting System Near Curved Ground.
The Infiuence of Waves on the Aerodynamics of a Lifting Surface.
An Estimate of the Acceleration of a Lifting Surface in Flight over a Wavy Wall.
The Aerodynamie Response of a Lifting System to Aperiodic Perturbations.
Appendix: The Motion of a Wing Over a Wavy Wall at an Arbitrary Course Angle: Derivation of the Unsteady Lift and the Moment Coefficients.
Schematized Flow Models for a Power-Augmented Lifting System.
Local Flow Problems for Analysis of PAR Mode.
Unseparated Flows Near Leading and Trailing Edges.
Envelopes of the Efficiency of Power Augmentation for a Scheme with a Reentrant Jet.
A Discussion of a Mathematical Model of PAR with the Coanda Effect.
The Aerodynamic Efficiency of a Wing in the Extreme Ground Effect.
Optimal Wing-in-Ground Effect.
The Lift-to-Drag Ratio of a Wing in the Ground Effect.
Integral Formulations for Lifting Surfaces in the Extreme Ground Effect.
A Slightly Curved Foil in a Two-Dimensional Ground Effect.
A Foil with a Jet Flap in Proximity to the Ground.
A Wing of Small Aspect Ratio.
Lifting Line(s) in Close Proximity to the Ground.
Quadruplication of the Integral Equation for a Wing of Finite Span.
Equations and the Stability of Motion of a Lifting System in the Extreme Ground Effect.
Linear Equations of Longitudinal Dynamies.
The Equations of Motion in the Extreme Ground Effeet.
Statie Stability and "Binding" Near the Ground.
Appendix: Formulas for the Coefficients Bi(i = 1... 5).
Simple Mathematical Models of Elastic and Flexible Wings in the Extreme Ground Effect.
Evaluation of the Speed of Flutter of a Foil Close to the Ground.
An Aeroelastie Wing in the Extreme Ground Effeet.
A Flexible Wing - a Simple Theory of a PARAWIG.