Drela M. Flight Vehicle Aerodynamics

MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2014, 279 p. — ISBN: 0262526441.This book offers a general overview of the physics, concepts, theories, and models underlying the discipline of aerodynamics. A particular focus is the technique of velocity field representation and modeling via source and vorticity fields and via their sheet, filament, or point-singularity idealizations. These models provide an intuitive feel for aerodynamic flow-field behavior and are the basis of aerodynamic force analysis, drag decomposition, flow interference estimation, and other important applications. The models are applied to both low speed and high speed flows. Viscous flows are also covered, with a focus on understanding boundary layer behavior and its influence on aerodynamic flows. The book covers some topics in depth while offering introductions and summaries of others. Computational methods are indispensable for the practicing aerodynamicist, and the book covers several computational methods in detail, with a focus on vortex lattice and panel methods. The goal is to improve understanding of the physical models that underlie such methods.
The book also covers the aerodynamic models that describe the forces and moments on maneuvering aircraft, and provides a good introduction to the concepts and methods used in flight dynamics. It also offers an introduction to unsteady flows and to the subject of wind tunnel measurements. The book is based on the MIT graduate-level course "Flight Vehicle Aerodynamics" and has been developed for use not only in conventional classrooms but also in a massive open online course (or MOOC) offered on the pioneering MOOC platform edX. It will also serve as a valuable reference for professionals in the field. The text assumes that the reader is well versed in basic physics and vector calculus, has had some exposure to basic fluid dynamics and aerodynamics, and is somewhat familiar with aerodynamics and aeronautics terminology.Nomenclature.
Physics of Aerodynamic Flows.
Atmospheric Properties.
Ideal-Gas Thermodynamic Relations.
Conservation Laws.
DifferentialConservation Equations.
Units andParameters.
Adiabatic Flows.
Isentropic Flows.
Low Speed and Incompressible Flows.
Vorticity Transport and Irrotationality.
Aerodynamic Flow Categories.
Flow-Field Modeling.
Vector Field Representation Methods.
Velocity / Vorticity-Source Duality.
Aerodynamic Modeling – Vorticity and Source Lumping.
DVortexSheetStrengthDivergenceConstraint.
Equivalence of Vortex and Doublet Sheets.
Integral Velocity / Vorticity-Source Relations.
Velocity-Potential Integrals.
PhysicalRequirements.
Flow-FieldModelingwithSource andVortexSheets.
ModelingNon-uniqueness.
DFar-Fields.
Viscous Effects in Aerodynamic Flows.
Inviscid FlowModel.
Displacement Effect.
Improved Inviscid FlowModels.
Viscous Decambering Stall Mechanism.
Considerations inFlowModel Selection.
Boundary Layer Analysis.
Boundary Layer Flow Features and Overview.
Defect Integrals and Thicknesses.
Boundary Layer Governing Equations.
Boundary Layer Response to Pressure and Shear Gradients.
Integral Boundary Layer Relations.
Self-Similar Laminar Boundary Layers.
Self-Similar Turbulent Boundary Layers.
Axisymmetric Boundary Layers.
D Boundary Layers.
D Boundary Layer Solution Methods – Overview.
Integral Boundary Layer Solution.
Coupling of Potential Flow and Boundary Layers.
ProfileDragPrediction.
Transition.
Aerodynamic Force Analysis.
Near-Field Forces.
Far-FieldForces.
Flow-Field Idealization.
WakePotential Jump.
Lifting-Line Analysis.
Idealized Far-FieldDrag.
Idealized Far-FieldLift andSideforce.
TrefftzPlane IntegralEvaluation.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Flows.
Unsteady Flow-Field Representation.
Unsteady Potential Flow.
GoverningEquations forUnsteady Potential Flow.
Potential Jump ofUnsteadyVortexSheet.
Unsteady FlowCategories.
Unsteady PanelMethod.
Unsteady 2D Airfoil.
Compressible Aerodynamic Flows.
Effects of Compressibility.
Compressible Flow Quantities.
ShockWaves andWaveDrag.
Compressible Potential Flows.
Small-Disturbance Compressible Flows.
Prandtl-Glauert Analysis.
Subsonic Compressible Far-Fields.
Far-field definition approaches.
Small-Disturbance Supersonic Flows.
Transonic Flows.
Introduction to Flight Dynamics.
Frames ofReference.
AxisSystems.
Body Position and Rate Parameters.
AxisParameterization andConventions.
FlowAngles.
AircraftKinematicRelations.
DynamicsRelations.
FlightDynamics Formulation.
Aerodynamic Force and Moment Linearizations.
Stability Derivative Specification.
LongitudinalDynamicsSubset.
LateralDynamicsSubset.
Stability Derivative Estimation.
Flow-Field and Force Measurement.
Wind Tunnel Methods – Overview.
Direct Force Measurements.
Wind Tunnel Corrections.
2D tunnel drag measurements.
Vector Notation.
Sheet Jump Relations.
2D Airfoil Far-Field Lift and Drag.
Extended Thin Airfoil Theory.
Prandtl Lifting-Line Wing Theory.
Axis Transformations and Rotations.