Beardsmore G.R., Cull J.P. Crustal Heat Flow: A Guide to Measurement and Modelling

Cambridge University Press, 2001. X, 324 p. — ISBN: 0-521-79289-4 (hardback), ISBN: 0-521-79703-9 (paperback).Crustal Heat Flow: A Guide to Measurement and Modelling is a handbook for geologists and geophysicists who manipulate thermal data, particularly for petroleum exploration. In theory and with practical examples, the book discusses the sources of heat within the crust, describes how to maximize the accuracy of temperature data, covers the measurement of the thermal properties of rocks, and explains a number of maturity indicators.
The second part covers a range of thermodynamic models of the lithosphere and shows how these can be used to reconstruct the thermal history of individual sedimentary basins.The Thermal State of the EarthTerrestrial Heat
The Origin of the Earth
The Present Thermal State of the Earth
Basic Heat Flow Terms
Units
Heat Flow ResourcesHeat Generation
Radiogenic Heat
Heat Flow Provinces
Radiogenic Heat Generation from Well Logs
Seismic Correlations
Frictional Heating along Faults
Metamorphic ReactionsMeasurement TechniquesThermal Gradient
Direct Measurement Techniques
Precision Temperature Logs
Deep-Water Probes
Borehole Convection
Bottom-Hole Temperatures in Deep Wells
Indirect Temperature Indicators
Groundwater Geochemistry
Curie Depth
Xenoliths
Upper Mantle Resistivity
Surface Temperature
Offshore
Onshore
Daily and Seasonal Cycles
Climate Changes
Data IntegrationThermal Conductivity
Heat Transfer Theory
Phonon Conduction
Radiation
Mixing Laws
Harmonic Mean
Arithmetic Mean
Geometric or Square-Root Mean
Measurements of Rock Conductivity
The Lithological Column and Porosity Data
Sample Preparation
Steady-State Method
Transient Methods
Compaction Models
Bulk Rock Thermal Conductivity
Temperature Correction
Well Log Analysis
Shale ConductivityThermal Maturity
The Generation of Hydrocarbons from Organic Matter
Kerogen
Kinetics
Geochemical Indicators of Maximum Palaeotemperature
Vitrinite Reflectance (VR)
Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals (FAMM)
Thermal Alteration Index (TAI)
Conodont Alteration Index (CAI)
Clay Mineralogy
Pyrolysis (RockEval)
Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry (FIM)
Molecular Biomarkers
Fission Track Thermochronology (FTT)
Choice and Preparation of Samples
Analysis and Interpretation
Limitations to FTT
Deciding which Thermal Maturity Indicators to UseModelling TechniquesHeat Flow
Product Method
Bullard Plots
Non-Linear Bullard Plots
Reasons for Non-Linear Bullard Plots
Climatology
Sedimentation
Erosion
Groundwater Migration
Deep Flow of Hot Fluids
Non-Vertical Heat Flow
Basement Relief
Topography
Salt Domes
Heat Flow Correlations
Heat Flow and Heat Production
Heat Flow and Continental Age
Heat Flow and Oceanic Age
Heat Flow and Seismic Data
Heat Flow and Electrical ConductivityLithospheric Models
Stable Lithosphere
Oceanic Lithosphere
Continental Lithosphere
Hot Spots
Cause of Hot Spots
Thermal Effect of Hot Spots
Subduction Zones
Driving Forces
Trenches
Island Arcs
Back-Arc Basins
Continental Collision
Extension
Instantaneous Pure Shear
Constant Pure Shear
Simple Shear
A Pure-Shear/Simple-Shear Coupled Model
The Blanketing Effect of Sediments
Underplating
Passive MarginsNumerical Modelling
Finite Difference Approximations
Relaxation
Discretising the Model
Boundary Conditions
Equilibrium Nodal Temperature
Precision
Errors
Discretisation Error
Round-Off ErrorUnravelling the Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins
Determining Present Heat Flow Distribution
Understanding the Tectonic History of the Basin
Determining the Stretching Factor
Determining the Heat Flow Anomaly and Distribution for each Time Step
Solving for Temperature Distribution In Crust